Complete Guide

UK Pensions Explained

Everything you need to know about workplace pensions, auto-enrolment, tax relief, and maximizing your retirement savings.

Auto-Enrolment: The Basics

5%
Your Minimum Contribution

Taken from your salary before or after tax depending on your scheme type.

3%
Employer Minimum

Your employer must contribute at least 3% on top of yours.

8%
Total Minimum

Combined minimum of 8% goes into your pension pot each month.

Who Gets Auto-Enrolled?

Aged 22 to State Pension age
Earning over £10,000 per year
Working in the UK
Not already in a qualifying scheme

Pension Tax Relief

The government adds money to your pension through tax relief. The amount depends on your tax bracket.

Basic Rate (20%)

For every £80 you contribute, the government adds £20, making it £100 in your pot.

25% Boost
Effective increase on your contribution

Higher Rate (40%)

You can claim an additional 20% through Self Assessment or payroll adjustments.

67% Boost
Effective increase (£60 becomes £100)

Relief at Source vs Net Pay

Relief at Source: You pay from net salary, scheme claims 20% basic rate. Higher rate taxpayers claim extra via Self Assessment.
Net Pay: Contributions taken before tax, so you get full relief automatically. But non-taxpayers miss out on the 20% boost.

Salary Sacrifice Pensions

Salary sacrifice is an arrangement where you agree to a lower salary in exchange for higher employer pension contributions. This saves both Income Tax and National Insurance.

Example: £50,000 Salary, 5% Contribution

Standard contribution£2,500
Income Tax saved (40%)£1,000
NI saved (2%)£50
Employer NI saved (13.8%)£345
Total extra in pensionUp to £1,395

Benefits of Salary Sacrifice

Save National Insurance
12% or 2% depending on your earnings
Employer NI Savings
Many employers pass their 13.8% savings to you
Lower Taxable Income
Could help avoid losing Personal Allowance or Child Benefit
Watch Out
Lower salary may affect mortgage applications and some benefits

Types of Pension

Defined Contribution (DC)

The most common type. Your contributions are invested and the final pot depends on investment performance.

  • You control how much goes in
  • Pot grows based on investments
  • Flexible access from age 55

Defined Benefit (DB)

Also called "final salary" pensions. Rare in private sector but common in public sector (NHS, teachers, civil service).

  • Guaranteed income for life
  • Based on salary and years worked
  • Index-linked to inflation

Annual Allowance

£60,000
Standard Annual Allowance

The maximum you can contribute to pensions each year with tax relief. Includes your contributions, employer contributions, and tax relief.

Carry Forward

You can use unused allowance from the previous 3 years if you were in a pension scheme.

Tapered Annual Allowance

If you earn over £260,000 (adjusted income), your allowance reduces. Minimum is £10,000.

Frequently Asked Questions

Calculate Your Pension Growth

See how your pension contributions could grow over time with our pension calculator.